QUESTION-
What are evaluation and measurement?
Comparison and difference between evaluation and
measurement?Definitions of evaluation and
measurement?With methods.
Comparison and difference between evaluation and
measurement?Definitions of evaluation and
measurement?With methods.
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ANSWER-
MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION
Measurement and evaluation are independent concepts. Evaluation is a process that uses measurements. In the evaluation process, information is interpreted according to established standards so that decisions can be made. Clearly, the success of evaluation depends on the quality of the data collected. If test results are not consistent (or reliable) and truthful (or valid), accurate evaluation is impossible. The measurement process is the first step in evaluation; an improved measurement leads to an accurate evaluation. People are different. They vary in body size, shape, speed, strength and many other respects. Measurement determines the degree to which an individual possesses a defining characteristic. MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION involve first defining the characteristic to be measured and then selecting the instrument with which measured. Test scores vary between being objective or subjective. A test is objective when two or more people score the same test and assign similar scores. Tests that are most objective are those that have a defined scoring system and are administered by trained testers.
- Comparison–MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION
- Measurement:1. It is the science of collecting and ordering information about objects to be studied.2. It refers to a precise and quantitative value.3. It is limited to quantitative description.4 It is objective and impersonal.5. It simply determines the magnitude of variate.6. It is scientific iii nature.7. It provides data for evaluation.8. It is not comprehensive.9. It involves fewer techniques.10. Through tests, the ability of an individual is measured.11. It covers the single aspect of the subject matter and achievement.12. It involves a quantitative description.
- Example: Raman got 93 marks in a test of Mathematics.13. Measurement is the assignment of numerals to objects or event according to rules.
Evaluation:1. It involves the use of information collected by the process of measurement.2. It means a subjective judgement.3. It leads to a qualitative description and value judgement.4. It involves subjective judgements.5. It not only determines the magnitude but adds meaning to such measurements.6. It is philosophical in nature.7. It receives data from measurement.8. It is comprehensive and integrated.9. It involves a variety of techniques.10. Through evaluation, the scores are interpreted.11. It gives stress on all aspects of a pupil’s behaviour and progress. It is from objective-based.12. It involves values and purposes. Example: Raman stood first in Mathematics test in his class.13. Evaluation is a systematic process of determining the extent to which instructional objectives are achieved by pupils.
- The Major Differences between Evaluation and Measurement are listed below-
- 1. While evaluation is a new concept, measurement is an old concept.
- 2. While evaluation is a technical term, measurement is a simple word.
- 3. While the scope of the evaluation is wider, the scope of measurement is narrow.
- 4. In evaluation pupil’s qualitative progress and behavioural changes are tested. In the measurement, only the quantitative progress of the pupils can be explored.
- 5. In the evaluation, the learning experiences are provided to the pupils in accordance with preÂdetermined teaching objectives are tested. In the measurement, the content skill and achievement of the ability are not tested on the basis of some objectives but the result of the testing is expressed in numerals, scores, average and percentage.
- 6. The qualities are measured in the evaluation as a whole. In the measurement, the qualities are measured as separate units.
- 7. Evaluation is the process by which the previous effects and hence caused behavioural changes are tested. The measurement means only those techniques which are used to test a particular ability of the pupil.
- 8. In the evaluation, various techniques like observation, hierarchy, criteria, interest and tendencies measurement etc. are used for testing the behavioural changes. In the measurement, personality test, intelligence test and achievement test etc. are included.
- 9. Evaluation is that process by which the interests, attitudes, tendencies, mental abilities, ideas, behaviours and social adjustment etc. of pupils are tested. By measurement, the interests, attitudes tendencies, ideas and behaviours cannot be tested.
- 10. The evaluation aims at the modification of the education system by bringing a change in the behaviour. Measurement aims at measurement only.
Meaning of Evaluation:–Evaluation is a broader term than Measurement. It is more comprehensive than mere inÂclusive than the term Measurement. It goes ahead of measurement which simply indicates the numerical value. It gives the value judgement to the numerical value. It includes both tangible and intangible qualities.
James M. Bradfield:–Evaluation is the assignment of symÂbols to the phenomenon, in order to characterize the worth or value of a phenomenon, usually with reference to some cultural or scientific standards.
Thorndike and Hegan:–The term evaluation is closely reÂlated to measurement. It is in some respect, inclusive inÂcluding informal and intuitive judgement of pupil’s progress. Evaluation is describing something in term of selected attributes and judging the degree of acceptability or suitability of that which has been described. Norman E. Gronlund and Robert L. Linn:–Evaluation is a systematic process of collecting, analysing and interpreting inÂformation to determine the extent to which pupil’s are achievement instructional objectives.
Methods of Evaluation
1. ‘Before and After’ Method- This is when the programme progress is checked after a given period of time, and it checks the results of specific programme activities. For example, if students are introduced to a computer awareness programme, or career exploration, an evaluation of how much has been covered is carried out by the end of the year. It is at this point that the evaluation may check whether clients are different after the exercise.
2. Comparison Method –This is when groups are compared after different techniques have been used to achieve a goal. The comparative method may be used to judge the results in groups in different localities, e.g. checking the impact of a programme on rural and urban children, or boys and girls. It may also be used to compare the effects of teacher-pupil ratios on the attainment of goals.
3. ‘How Do We Stand?’ Method –This helps to identify desirable programme outcomes. Various techniques are used to check how the programme has progressed in terms of goal attainment. It compares programmes with generally accepted standards and offers an opportunity to make comparisons. The method compares a programme with a set standard, as there are certain features with which it will be expected to conform.